Categories
Integrated Pest Management

Hunt for Macrolophus not Successful. Tamarixia results show promise

Hunt for Macrolophus not Successful. Tamarixia results show promise

Tomato Industry Research Update

 

On Tuesday 15th of May 2018, TomatoesNZ (TNZ) welcomed tomato growers, and horticulture advisers to an industry research update on the outskirts of Pukekohe. 

One of the topics covered was Pest Control Research.  TNZ are at the forefront of tackling issues affecting greenhouse tomato growers and it was really exciting to hear the lengths they are going to help the industry tackle these problems.

Macrolophus was illegally imported to NZ in 2007.  In 2010 those found to be responsible were prosecuted and fined under the HASNO Act.  However, before the prosecution, insects had been released in three different areas around the country.  

Around 2011 EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) approached TNZ in regards to making an application to release Macrolophus legally into New Zealand.  TNZ decided to take up the opportunity and did make an application to EPA in 2014.  Only to be declined.  The application was declined because the panel determined that TNZ had not shown that the “risks” outweighed the “benefits”, in part it could not prove that Macrolophus would not be able to survive outside of the greenhouse environment and therefore posed a threat to wiping out our fauna and flora!  Those who opposed the application were DOC, Landcare and even a former PFR researcher who previously provided pest control advice to TNZ!  Even though it failed there certainly has been benefits to making the application as I interpret it.  A lot was learnt about the process which translated to the future successful application to import Tamarixia.

In 2017 TNZ commissioned a “Hunt for Macrolophus”, Dr John Kean, AgResearch was asked to design a survey to hunt for the insects in close proximity to the three known release sites.  In February and March of 2018 an intensive search for the insects was carried out.  Samples of insects were collected and sent for identification to an AgResearch laboratory in Dunedin.  Depending on how you look at it the results they were both successful and disappointing.  No Macrolophus were found which does support the argument that it is highly unlikely Macrolophus could survive outside a greenhouse environment and poses little or no threat to fauna and flora, and disappointment that none were found which would make it easier to introduce them. 

 

Tamarixia, (a parasitoid wasp) which has been approved and released is showing the ability to survive over winter.  A recent trial, conducted at Lincoln University, used four predatory bugs, (including Tamarixia) which released them in controlled environments to test their effects on TPP (Tomato Potato Psyllid).  The report back so far, indicates that all the predators have shown to have reduced TPP populations.  The potential issue for greenhouse tomato growers is how the Tamarixia will perform on plants where the trichomes (hairs on the stem and leaf) interfere with their movement and ability to parasitize TPP.  One greenhouse tomato grower has recently released a trial of Tamarixia in his greenhouse and will report back to TNZ in the coming months.  However, anything that becomes a natural predator to TPP outside the greenhouse should be very helpful. 

 

A third trial, at Lincoln University Biological Horticulture Unit, has been conducted by Charles Merfield, he tested the affects of UV light attracting TPP.  The results are very positive but there are still quite a few questions to be answered.  There is a report on that work in the May NZ Grower magazine.

 

 

 

Macrolophus Pygmaeus: is a generalist predator, used in the US and Europe for whitefly primarily.  It also controls thrips, aphids, mites, caterpillar and leaf miner (Tuta Absoluta) in greenhouses.

The magic of nature, watch this you tube video made by Kopperts Biological Systems.

 

Tamarixia triozae is a small, black, winged red-eyed, parasitoid wasp that is found mainly in North America and Mexico. Its one host is Bactericera cockerelli  (Tomato Potato Psyllid, TPP).

 

http://www.tomatoesnz.co.nz/assets/Uploads/Tamarixia-factsheet-FINAL.pdf

http://www.terrain.net.nz/friends-of-te-henui-group/bees-and-wasps/wasp-tamarixia-triozae.html

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

https://www.facebook.com/StefanGrower2grower/

Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

Categories
Greenhouse News

Kaoshiung to Pukekohe

Kaoshiung to Pukekohe 

 

Grower Profile, Edward Lee from Lee Wang Hothouse Ltd

 

History:

In 1996 at the young age of 16, Edward, his parents and sister, Penny, left Taiwan and moved to Manukau, South Auckland.  For the first three years they boarded with friends.  After this period the family decided they wanted to live in New Zealand permanently. 

Edward attended Rosehill College in South Auckland, which just happens to be my old school.  In 2000 the family purchased their first family home in Papakura. In 2002 they moved to a property on the outskirts of Papakura which had a small piece of land.  The Lee family originates from the Kaoshiung province in Taiwan which is known as a vegetable hub.  Edward’s parents come from a growing background and wanted some land to continue growing produce.

 

In 2004 Edward completed an Electrical Engineering diploma from AUT.  It was not easy finding work in his field after he left AUT, so Edward began his working life delivering groceries and working as a waiter. In 2006 he landed a job as a green acre mowing contractor.  A year later Edward was employed as an Electrical Apprentice.   This was great as Edward had found a job he had studied for.  However, after only six months Edward was made redundant, the downturn in the market at that time meant the job was unfortunately short lived. 

In 2008 Edward and his parents decided they would like to expand their vegetable growing business so they started looking at greenhouses in the local area.  After an extensive search, of at least 20 properties, they found an area of land close to Pukekohe with a 2000m2 plastic house on it.  The property was purchased and the Lee family have been growing their ever since. 

 

Edwards Parents Mr and Mrs Lee brought their family to New Zealand for a better life and have contributed immensely to their new country. Mr and Mrs Lee are still actively involved with the growing operations.

 

Expansion:

Tomatoes have been the main produce grown along with a few short crops of beans.  In 2012 the Lee family decided to expand.  Apex greenhouses built a state of the art modern 1500m2 glasshouse, which includes hanging gutters and screens.  In 2014 the Lee’s moved from growing large loose tomatoes to cherry tomatoes which they successfully grow today supplying MG marketing, with their own brand.

 

TomatoesNZ:

Edward quickly found his feet and knew he needed to keep improving his growing knowledge.  He started attending TomatoesNZ conferences.  In 2016 Edward became a full time TomatoesNZ board member. Edward thinks being part of the board is great, he is constantly learning how the industry functions and is making good connections to help his business grow.  It has taken two years to feel established as a board member, he now understands how important TomatoesNZ’s role is for maintaining and lifting industry levels.  Edward said the contribution of the board members, in particular the efforts of Helen Barnes (the TomatoesNZ business manager), is extremely important for NZ greenhouse tomato growers. 

 

Growing challenges:

Edward faces many challenges. With an eye on the minimum wage increase, taking place shortly, Edward has made the decision to grow Cucumbers in his plastic house.  The height of the plastic house means the amount of labour needed, to grow and pick cherry tomatoes, out ways the benefits. As the cherry tomatoes almost touch the ground when picking, it is not only time consuming to pick them but also back breaking work.   Edward currently hires 3 full time staff with an additional 2 seasonal workers. 

 

Edward with staff member Brenda, the team leader in the Glasshouse

 

Greenhouse Industry:

Edward thinks there is great long-term potential growth for tomatoes in NZ, but support and assistance is required from the government.  He thinks exporting is an important aspect for future growth.  Edward is keen on food safety and said that, “Being a member of GAP is great as it has made the industry lift its levels and creates good food safety practices.”  Edward uses many biological products to control fungus and insect issues, he hopes that dependency on chemicals becomes less and less. 

 

Hobbies:

Edward loves to read books and enjoys spending as much time as possible with his wife and their two young children.   He likes watching baseball, especially the Taiwanese league.  Other sporting interests include basketball and badminton.

 

Mission Statement:

Edward loves growing and is especially proud of the fact he grows and provides our community with a safe and tasty product to eat, “It’s what drives me”.

 

Edward and his family are another example of hard working immigrants who have come to NZ and contributed positively to our community.   Edwards sister Penny (right) is another important part of the Lee family growing team

 

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

Categories
Greenhouse News

Vegetables in the Cloud

Vegetables in the Cloud

Trutina, Real Time Information Making Irrigation More Precise

 

Trutina, a revolutionary cost saving monitoring system from Europe to enter the New Zealand greenhouse vegetable growers market. The product was developed by a Hungarian company, a spin-off of Szeged University Faculty of Natural Science and Information Technology. It has won the 2017 Hungarian Environmental Innovation Awards and the producers are also taking part in a research project for Delphy IC (https://delphy.nl/en/), one of Europe’s leading agricultural consultancy firm.

 

2017 Hungarian Environmental Innovation Awards in the Hungarian Parliament

 

Use of technology is still relatively uncommon across the agricultural sector, however growers should take into consideration the effectiveness of such tools.

 

Trutina is a weight monitoring system, consisting of hardware and cloud based software. It enables customers to follow plant weight (biomass) in real time, weight trends of a separate growing substrate with hanging or platform based method, showing related decision supporting info (biomass production, plant activity, plant energy balance etc.). The product can calculate the necessary amount of irrigation and drain tendency as well, which enables irrigation planning. Trutina has been tested and can be used for tomatoes, capsicums and cucumbers.

 

The device stores the measured data and continuously uploads them to the Cloud, the information then can be viewed on your computer or smartphone and the dashboard surface can be fully customised.

 

Trutina is a great tool for improving greenhouse control and strategy, making production significantly more efficient resulting in higher production yields and significant cost savings.

 

 

Insight Manager is another product developed by the same company. It is a workflow monitoring and labour registration solution, enabling employers to follow real-time activities of their employees, manage them, assign tasks, send messages. It provides statistics and tools to evaluate employees performance and the productivity of your business.

 

The product can be used by installing a system of local terminals and/or as a mobile application. The terminals can easily be integrated with the weight measurement solution.

 

 

RNR Limited, a family owned business run by husband and wife duo Reilly & Rose Tucker based in Mount Maunganui are distributers of these products. They can assist in setting up these devices, along with offering a full range of IT services and support with over 20 years of experience.

 

 

They are currently offering to set up a demo for 3 months of one Trutina system for the first grower to contact them in the Bay of Plenty area.

 

For more information, please email rtucker@rnr-ltd.co.nz.

 

 

 

 

Categories
Greenhouse News

Berries in Greenhouses

Berries in Greenhouses

High Tech Berry Growing in Greenhouses is Becoming more Popular.

 

Recently growers in Europe, and other parts of the world, have started growing berry crops in hi- tech greenhouses.  Initially it was strawberries, but now raspberries and blackberries are quickly coming into hi tech greenhouses.  The highly publicised ‘added health benefits’ from certain berries are making them extremely popular with consumers not to mention how great they taste. 

It is evident that this sector could grow exponentially in the next five to twenty years.   What is noticeable is the different structures that berries are being grown in overseas and the ones that some growers are moving towards here.  They appear to be poles apart.  Growers in the UK and Europe are starting to grow berries in super high-tech environments, modern greenhouses, heating systems, supplementary lighting, etc.  There are no shortcuts.  In NZ, to my knowledge, the high-tech greenhouse growers produce mainly vegetable crops.  We certainly have the structures and the growers to grow berries in high-tech structures.  What I have heard and seen is NZ outdoor berry growers starting to cover crops with low tech tunnel houses and structures. Their capital investment is low and it is like they are just treading carefully in the water, not dipping their toes too deep as they are fearful of drowning. Or is it something else?

Hi Tech, Strawberry on Hanging gutters.  Check out the insect netting and diffused glass!!

I think there are three large advantages to growing berries.  Firstly, for our local market where all year around fresh product could be supplied.  The second advantage I see is berries can be frozen and stored for both local and export markets.  The ability to freeze the berries, without losing too much of the health benefit, must make it a desirable product to grow.  The third is the storage ability and the control this will give growers. Any chance of frozen fruit arriving to market before it goes off is negligible.  It will allow for controlled supply and very low percentage of waste.  For fresh berries to be exported it would have to air freighted, possible, but it would need premium pricing.

I love the idea of NZ becoming involved in this sector in a more high-tech fashion.  There is a real opportunity here for small, medium and large size scale business to succeed.  The government is looking at cherries as a growth industry which is absolutely positive but perhaps this should be on their radar as well.  Job creation, export dollars and wealth creation.  That’s all that needs to be said.

I hope and expect this sector will expand.  I will be keeping a close eye on any new projects with great interest.

The cover photo shows LED lighting being tested to see if there is an impact on the production of this Blackberry crop in Holland.

 

Young strawberry crop recently flowering and fruiting, UK

Blackberry crop. UK.

 

FYI, this cherry crop in Europe has been covered.  I have heard (speculation) one grower in NZ is covering a 3ha cherry orchid with a greenhouse which will be fixed but have its roof retract when the weather is good!

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

 

All photos supplied are via social media sites except the cover photo.

Categories
Energy

Technical

Technical

Minimum and Maximum Pipe Temperatures:

 

Greenhouse Growers who have heating pipes, and who have the ability to regulate temperature using electronic controls or an environmental computer system, are in the best position to use minimum and maximum pipe temperature setpoints.  The reason for using minimum and maximum pipe temperature setpoints is to reduce the sharp rise or decrease of temperature in a greenhouse.  With the assistance of manipulating your venting, either by using P bands or just by setting minimum vent setpoints.  This could significantly save wasted energy without causing other issues. 

However, at this time of the year when outside temperatures fluctuate a great deal, stable temperature control is tricky.  Weather reports are helpful for making decisions on setpoints, but manually changing these each day is not always possible.  Having a maximum pipe temperature can alleviate what I call ‘temperature hunting’. This is where a greenhouse temperature quickly drops because of excessive venting (generally early in the morning), the greenhouse temperature has now dipped below the heating setpoint, now the computer automatically opens the (heating) mixing valve, hot water from the boiler is then circulated into the greenhouse.  You then have the double whammy! The heating pipes are now hot, the sun becomes stronger, then a rapid increase in greenhouse temperature occurs, humidity rises, so it vents again!   The cat chasing its tail saga continues.   

This was a great frustration until a consultant from Belgium, Frank Florus, spoke at an Auckland conference some years ago.   He spoke about not being too concerned in regards to having a low maximum pipe temperature, even if that meant the greenhouse temperature dropped to a level that was below your heating setpoints (within reason).  After a private meeting with Frank I discussed this topic further.  I implemented his strategy and never looked back.  I have customers who I promote this strategy too and they have saved on energy without costing them in production or income.  Not to mention a huge reduction in rapid temperature and humidity fluctuations, which can only benefit your crop.

Minimum pipes are also very interesting, some do not believe it is necessary, but unless your minimum pipe is at 35 degrees it is probably not achieving anything.  I don’t have any scientific proof but I have always used a minimum pipe to keep the heat rising, filtering up through the stem and leaf area keeping it as dry as possible.  Greenhouse growers with ‘grow pipes’ have an added advantage, the heat from those pipes filters directly through the canopy whereas pipes on the ground will have less effect.

As greenhouse structures vary so much and heat loss is different in most greenhouses it is impossible to give exact figures.  You have to use trial and error to achieve the correct settings for your greenhouse. For example, if your maximum pipe temperature is set at 55 degrees and the outside night temperature did not drop below 10-12 degrees you should be able to maintain sufficient temperature in your greenhouse?  My suggestion would be to drop the maximum pipe limits in small increments until you were comfortable with the lowest temperature outcome.  As a guide, for myself, having the greenhouse drop below 13.5 degrees for long periods in the middle of the night was not ideal.  If this was occurring I would slowly lift my maximum pipe temperature until I felt comfortable.  Just to confirm this was a tomato crop.  If you are interested in advice on this topic please contact me to discuss. 

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

Categories
Greenhouse News

Storm Batters Auckland

Storm Batters Auckland

It was a miracle there wasn’t more damage!

 

On the evening of Tuesday 10th April, the worst winds I can remember tore through my property.  At 10pm I was outside attempting to tie garden furniture down, which was trying to fly off! When I went to get a rope out of my truck, a rather large palm tree, outside my front door, was threatening to snap in half!!  I have been scared a few times in my life, a small number of times in glasshouses when high winds have been threatening, but this was something else, a new experience! 

Like a lot of people, we lost power. It was restored at 3pm the following day, so we were among the lucky ones.   Even though the storm was predicted, the winds were only forecast for 50-60 kilometres per hour.  I don’t know exactly what the wind speed was, all I know is that it felt like a lot more than 50-60 klm/hour, and it was bloody terrifying.   When I finally went to bed at 1am, after blowing out the candles, I was thinking, thank goodness that happened at night and not during the day.  Being inside a glasshouse when glass is breaking and falling is not a nice experience. 

Over the next couple of days, I contacted local growers to ask about the damage. It came of no surprise to me when I heard quite a few growers had damage. It was quite mixed as some had major damage and some had very little, if any!  Two greenhouses within one kilometre of my property were affected.  One had half its ridge venting ripped off the plastic house.  The worst was the glasshouse which lost up to one hundred panes of glass with several gutters collapsing.  The crop had just been removed, so the glasshouse had no weight pulling down on the structure.  In one way this probably did not help but at least no plants were lost. 

Most growers were without power except those with emergency generators.  It was a timely reminder that things can go wrong very quickly.  Some 7 days later while I write this, some Auckland residents still do not have power!!   I think the properties that had generators, would have been very happy, as it was not only the biggest storm of the year, but the coldest evening by far with temperatures plummeting. 

We keep being told this type of weather could become more prevalent. Potential damage to greenhouses could become more common.  It is a timely reminder to make sure your insurances are up to date.  Talk to your Insurer and make sure that your policy covers you correctly.  You might even want to enquire about policies that cover income protection just in case you lose your crop to such an event. 

Talking to counties power the following day I was informed there were at least 50 lines reported down in the region! Power could have been out for a lot longer.  If it was in the summer then a lot of crops could easily have been lost due to a lack of irrigation and venting except those with emergency generators to hand.  It is a cost to have a generator but probably something not enough growers have to protect their investments?

Red Poles and wooden beams are used to support the glasshouse until repairs can be made

 

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Categories
Category

Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella) is currently affecting some growers

Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella) is an issue currently affecting some growers.

 

Pre-morning warming and hygiene are very important to reduce the spread of Didymella

 

Gummy stem blight, caused by the fungus Didymella bryoniae (previously named Mycosphaerella melonis), is prevalent at the moment. The weather conditions in the past two months have caused some real headaches for growers.

In the photo it is hard to see the rot from the outside (internal fruit rot).  If the rot is on the inside of the fruit and it has been accidentally sent to the supermarket it becomes unsellable in about 5 days as it becomes visible from the outside. Growers definitely do not want their end customer, the consumer, cutting the fruit open to find half of it is not edible.  Preventing infected fruit, going to the supermarket, is probably nearly impossible, preventing and limiting fungus spores infecting fruit is possible.

Before I cut into the cucumber

After I cut into the cucumber!!

 

Paula O'Hanlon, from Nunhems seed, supplied me with a fantastic factsheet supplied via the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, from Ontario, Canada.  Please contact either Paula or myself if you would like to recieve the PDF.  Contact paula.ohanlon@bayer.com or stefan@grower2grower.co.nz

 

Below are some important points you could implement to prevent the incidence of the Gummy Stem Blight (Didymella):

 

  1. Pre-morning temperatures; This means approximately three hours before sunrise lift your night temperatures to the morning level, it will help prevent a sudden change in humidity in the morning. 
  2. Keep heating and venting temperatures closer together (use P-bands if you have the ability with your computer systems), along with 1, if you vent more actively in the morning you will drive the high humidity out of the greenhouse more effectively. 
  3. Prevent Guttation, along with 1 and 2 you will prevent what generally occurs in the morning period when the rapid change happens in the greenhouse, if your moisture can not be forced out of the greenhouse then it will sit on the end of your leaf veins!!  This is a major cause of fungal issues. 
  4. Irrigation, this is very tricky with cucumbers but stop earlier and go into the night dryer, don’t have as much available water in the morning unless you use steps 1 through 3.  I like to have the water available to the plant early as possible in the morning but not if it means you will increase the incidence of guttation.
  5. Spraying; Chemical and biological options are available to help, since spores which cause Gummy Stem Blight form on the flowers you can target the spraying towards that area.  However, if you follow the first four steps your frequency for spraying will be reduced.  So, you either spend money on energy or chemicals and spraying.  It comes down to your most limiting factors.
  6. Hygiene; This is something that cucumber growers especially are very relaxed with.  People and equipment will spread spores.  I definitely like the idea of cleaning the knifes and cutters regularly in disinfectants.  I also like the idea of using a lot of Sodium Hypo-chloride in between crops to supress spore numbers. 

One week after being picked the damage is clearly visible from the outside making the fruit un-sellable 

An end on cut showing the intitial spread on the inside of the cucumber.

 

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

Categories
Irrigation/Substrates

Re-using your Substrate,

Re-using your Substrate,

 

It can be risky re-using substrates.  It is something I don’t normally recommend but, in some cases, it may work. 

 

There are several things to consider if you plan on re-using substrates, firstly, what was your disease pressure like from the previous crop?  I had a grower who wanted to reuse his substrates after bacterial canker had infected his tomato crop, I strongly recommend that the substrate MUST be changed.  It proved to be the correct decision, with a very intensive clear out and cleaning programme the bacterial canker did not returned.  If the same substrate was used I fear it would have returned and at a much earlier stage in the proceeding crop.

Second year substrates will have the previous years roots systems filling up the bag. It will have more organic matter so must be treated differently, this in itself will change the irrigation strategy, especially in the beginning.  I knew of a grower that used rockwool for three consecutive years!! The water content was almost 95% throughout the slab (stone-wool) as the root systems had nearly completely filled all of the space in the slab.  It makes it extremely hard to control, reducing the ability to dry the slab appropriately, potentially this exposes the plant to more root disease pressure. 

Using chemicals to treat your substrate between crops is thwart with possible danger.  In the past 10 years I have seen at least 5 instances where crops were either lost or severely damaged due to this practice.  The worst was a crop that dampened off just after planting, on closer inspection there was new substrate mixed in with second year substrate, not one plant died in the new substrate but well over 70% died in the second-season substrate.  If you are thinking of growing in the same substrate more than once (or more than one year), then be very careful what you use to treat the substrate with in between planting.  If you feel there is the need to use a chemical then you must think there is potentially a problem with your substrate

 

This is the third crop to be planted on these slabs, the two previous were tomatos  

 

The case, in the video, shows substrate being reused. The first and second crops grown on the substrate were grafted tomato crops' and the third is going to be a cucumber crop.  As these are different ‘families’ there is little risk of root disease cross contamination.  Cucumbers can be grown in slightly higher water content levels so it makes sense to grow first season tomatoes and second season cucumbers.  You can also see that the old blocks, from the tomato crop, have not been removed and the cucumbers are planted in between in the old blocks.  If the slab still looks ok in four months this grower will then remove the old blocks that had the tomatoes and replant a second crop of cucumbers in that area of the substrate.   It is much easier to remove the old blocks once the roots have died, they come out of the substrate much easier causing a lot less damage to the substrate, allowing for a nice flat surface for the blocks to marry onto the old plant holes.  

 

I appreciate your comments.  Please feel free to comment below or on the grower2grower Facebook page:

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant, Grower2Grower

Categories
Industry Profile

Otaua Primary School

Otaua Primary School

Teaching Students to Grow

 

If you think community spirit is not alive and well then, this article will make you think again.  Otaua Primary School has recently had built an impressive greenhouse and vegetable gardens.  

The school is situated near Waiuku in South Auckland, New Zealand.  It is surrounded by beautiful dairy farms with greenhouse growers only a few Kilometres away.  Last year, Deputy Principal Megan Allen embarked on a project to build a small greenhouse and some rather large vegetable gardens.  With the help of local herb growers Jeanette Rea and Pam Maurice from Scarborough Fare, the process begun.   Megan and Jeanette have spent a lot of time and effort to coordinate this project, which is a Horticulture NZ / NZ GAP initiative. Otaua School is the NZGAP flagship garden.

Kate Ryall (left), Payton Naylor (middle) and Taliyah Honey (right) transplanting seedlings into peat pots.

 

Well known greenhouse builders, Apex Greenhouses, who’s head office is in Waiuku, were contacted to see if they would be interested in the project, as the photo shows they were.  Apex have built a fantastic small replica greenhouse sitting on a well-constructed platform.  

The children are learning the basic skills of growing including planting seeds, watering and fertilizing their plants.   They are also being taught bug detection and eradication, including spraying biological products to control things such as caterpillars.  Having young students identifying insect pests at such a young age will stand them in good stead for the future.   They are growing from seedlings, then transplanting herbs and lettuces, amongst other things, from the greenhouse into the two huge raised gardens that have been built not far from the classrooms, all under the expert tuition from Jeanette.  Plants have also been kindly supplied by local nursery, Seedling Systems, with a lot of the seeds supplied by South Pacific Seeds.  

 

 Apex built this greenhouse with a wind and leeside vent including a double door for easy access. The greenhouse is slightly under 10m2.

 

The students don’t just grow the vegetable plants and herbs, they also eat them.  Local chef and culinary nutritionist Gautam Narayan from the Wild Cicada Café, comes to the school each Friday. Each Friday he cooks with a small group of students and uses the produce grown in the school gardens to produce some culinary delights.  The students learn how to prepare and use the vegetables and leafy greens in different dishes

Gautam showing students how to correctly peel a carrot

 

This is such a great initiative. Megan and Jeanette along with Apex Greenhouses, Hort NZ, Seedling Systems and South Pacific Seeds need to be congratulated for such a fantastic initiative.  This is the perfect introduction for kids to understand the basics of growing.  I would like to thank Megan and Otaua Primary School for accepting my invitation to write this article.  It made my day to see how happy and enthusiastic the students were about their project.  And I would personally like to thank Ryan and Brookelyn for welcoming me to the school. 

 

Chives, Italian Parsley and Basil are just a few of the herbs currently been grown.  I suggested in early spring they could plant some tomato plants 🙂 

 

 
These garden beds are both set up with an irrigation line running down the middle of the bed.  This bed has lettuce, snow peas on the edge, fennel at the end, spring onions and celery in the middle)

 

 
In this bed are silver beet, spinach, kale, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts, beetroot, radishes, carrots, and parsnip.

 

Megan Allen (left) and Jeanette Rea (Right) with the students of Otaua Primary School in charge of the greenhouse recently installed.

 

 

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant Grower2Grower

Categories
Category

Daylight Savings Is Over As Autumn Really Begins

Daylight savings is over as Autumn really begins

Fruit load versus light

 

 

Autumn has finally arrived!  The summer has officially ended. There have been warm nights this week in the greater Auckland area and now there is a cold snap on the way!!  The South Island is starting to get some snow.    I have noticed a lot of hay and silage being harvested in my local area, in the past week, which indicates even though it has officially been our warmest summer on record there has also been a lot of rain fall. 

The days are shortening so reducing crop load needs consideration.  Tomato crops, being grown through the winter, should have their fruit load m2 reduced.  The weather and light levels are still reasonable so there is temptation to set too many fruit per truss.   Trusses currently being set will be picked close to the shortest day.  If you don’t reduce fruit numbers and prepare for the lower light periods now, then your plant will potentially need to be slowed unnecessarily in two months’ time. The flowers/fruit set in June and July, historically, is where most financial gains are made.  You need to keep the setting speed as optimum as possible in late June and July but you will struggle if you are carrying too much fruit load.  An extra .1kg/m2 per week, in August and September, will mean much more to your bottom line.  Another benefit of a reduced fruit load, during June and July, will prevent stress on your plants, which in turn will mean they are stronger to fight off infection. 

It is always hard to make the call when to drop or increase fruit load. Over 20 years of growing it never got any easier to make that decision, you just have to trust the numbers and look at the fruit load vs. light.  It is really important to think about the current flowering truss and the predicted light levels you will have when you pick that truss. 

 

Cucumber growers still have enough good light to sustain high fruit loads, but this will change and growers need to react to the weather pattern week by week.  Try to avoid fruit abortion. If this happens, it is either a physical problem or you have overloaded your plant in relation to falling light.

 

Reducing your irrigation is another key factor.  Start reducing the water content to maintain root health.   Stop times should be adjusted accordingly.  I can not give generic water content recommendations as there is so many different types of substrates and different volumes used.  As a generalisation a 5-10% reduction in water content, compared to summer, could be a good starting point.   If you do wish for more specific detail tailored for your crop then please contact me for more options.

 

It is also time to get those heating systems serviced!  Especially if you have had them turned off for a while.  There is nothing worse than finding out the heating system has an issue when the weather starts getting cold (this week!!).

 

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Article Written by Stefan Vogrincic, Consultant Grower2Grower